I don't have any real answers to this very commonly reported side effect- and I am not sure that clinician or anyone else know why this happens to so many CML patients treated with TKIs. I have just uploaded an ASH abstract on the home page which is about some recent research into why nilotinib (and including imatinib) can have an effect on the vascular system in some people and it seems that it might suppress certain cells like vascular endothelial cells and other related cells (kit+ mast cells) that are major repair cells in vascular disorders.....see snip below.
This research might hold some answers.
( 257 Nilotinib Exerts Direct Pro-Atherogenic and Anti-Angiogenic Effects On Vascular Endothelial Cells: A Potential Explanation For Drug-Induced Vasculopathy In CML.
Authors: H Emir, K Albrecht-Schgoer, K Huber, et al
'.... As assessed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against KIT and mast cell tryptase, we also found that in our CML patients, nilotinib induces an almost complete depletion of KIT+ mast cells, a cell type that serves as unique source of heparin and uncomplexed tPA and has been implicated as a major repair cell in vascular disorders. However, imatinib was also found to induce mast cell depletion in our patients with CML.
Neither nilotinib nor imatinib showed in vitro or in vivo effects on platelet adhesion or platelet aggregation.
In conclusion, nilotinib exerts multiple effects on vascular endothelial cells and other perivascular cells such as mast cells, presumably through multiple mechanisms and targets. We hypothesize that these effects may contribute to nilotinib-induced vasculopathy in CML.'
https://ash.confex.com/ash/2013/webprogram/Paper57422.html
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Also..... if you are taking other drugs for other conditions or take painkillers you need to find out if they are contra-indicated with IM.
In particular you should be very cautious about taking aspirin or ibuprofen (Nurofen) with imatinib as they both will affect platelet function. Instead you might take paracetamol for headache/general pain etc.
I have done a little digging regarding this and found the following information on the american cancer society website: http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/guidetocancerdr...
Regarding side effects such as bleeding with imatinib it says the following:
Any drugs or supplements that interfere with blood clotting can raise the risk of bleeding during treatment with imatinib. These include:
vitamin E
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), and many others
warfarin (Coumadin -- see note above)
ticlopidine (Ticlid)
clopidogrel (Plavix)
Note that many cold, flu, fever, and headache remedies contain aspirin or ibuprofen. Ask your pharmacist if you aren't sure what's in the medicines you take.
I agree that you should get your eye's checked if this is happening regularly or is a particularly serious bleed. The blood vessels in the eye obviously become more prone to bleeding when taking IM or other TKIs for some reason and it should not be just dismissed as a 'common side effect' if it is affecting your quality of life.
It could be that the pressure in the eye is affected and might be raised (as in the case of Glaucoma). This condition is treatable with eye drops- but is can permanently damage the optic nerve, so if not caught early it can lead to vision loss if it is not treated. Best to see a good optician so you can rule this out.
Also... maybe IM makes the eye dry? even though many suffer the side effect of periorbital edaema, it does not means that the eyes themselves are adequately hydrated. Maybe some kind of 'false tears' (these can be bought over the counter) might help?
Otherwise I can only suggest you might get some relief by bathing the affected eye in a weak solution of sea salt and warm water.
Homeopathic remedy called Euphrasia is specific to eye problems- red, itching etc. worth a try?
hope this helps,
Sandy